Ultrasound guided detection of position of post partum intra uterine contraceptive device and its relation to complications

Background: Worldwide, Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) is one of the most commonly used reversible methods of contraception among married women of reproductive age. It is the second most commonly used forms of contraception, ranking second only to female sterilization. Proper positioning of Copper containing IUCD is of utmost importance for efficacy and safety. The immediate postpartum period, after a birth but prior to discharge from the hospital is an important but under utilized time frame to initiate contraceptives, specially long acting contraceptives such as intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). To study the location of Copper IUCD by ultrasound, relationship between position and complaints, failure rate and expulsion rate in post-partum IUCD cases.Methods: The study was prospective, analytical study conducted on 200 women for one year.  IUCD insertion was done in two groups; group A (normal delivery, postplacental) and group B (caesarean section, intracaesarean). On ultrasonography, position and distance of IUCD from fundus of uterus was measured. Outcome measures were expulsion, complication and failure rate upto six months. Informed consent was taken from each participant and ethical justification for the study was sought.Results: Majority of the patients were in age group of 21-25 years. Multigravidae patients had more acceptability of IUCD than primigravidae. More than half of IUCD insertion was done by senior residents (56%). Malpositions were more common in vaginal delivery (62%) than caesarean section (28%). Most common malposition was mid cavity and least common was oblique. Most common complaint was pain abdomen and least common was expulsion.Conclusions: Sonography can be used as an adjunct to clinical examination to examine the position of the IUCD. Ultrasonography done after PPIUCD insertion helps in determining, whether PPIUCDs are placed in normal position or malposition. Malpositioned PPIUCDs have more complications as compared to normally placed IUCD

Towards Learning for Employment: A Study of Effect of Different Variables on Employment Readiness of Students Enrolled in Professional Programmes Delhi-NCR, India

[EN] Indian Higher Education system has got 70 million students enrolled in different technical and professional courses, which is highest in world. Being the fastest growing economy, India has got global attention also. Despite such strong foundation, the nation lacks a skilled workforce. The expectations of the industry don’t match with what they receive as a workforce. There has been a continuous effort in instilling technical, communication, spiritual, leadership skills along with building a high quotient of ethics and professionalism in the students. The problem lies somewhere else, which needs quick attention. The present study attempts to analyze the effect of independent variables assessment of self competence, open to change, networking, professional growth, emotional growth, spiritual growth, realistic expectations, interpersonal skills, conceptual skills, technical skills, leadership skills, attitude towards planet, ethical disposition, flexibility to work and orientation towards money on the dependent variable Employment readiness through Regression analysis. The findings suggest that students need to assess their self competence, develop an achievement orientation attitude and work on technical skills in order to become Employment ready. There are very few studies addressing this issue in Indian context and researchers could find no published empirical work analyzing the effect of all these variables on Employment readiness. This would serve as a strong base for researchers in similar field. This study is beneficial for academicians, policy-makers and academic regulatory bodies.Khatri, P.; Raina, K. (2016). Towards Learning for Employment: A Study of Effect of Different Variables on Employment Readiness of Students Enrolled in Professional Programmes Delhi-NCR, India. En 2nd. International conference on higher education advances (HEAD'16). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 144-151. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD16.2015.2613OCS14415

Relationship between Parental Overindulgence and Buying Behavior in the Context of Invasive Marketing: A Comparative Study of Two Cultures

This scientific investigation adopts a cross cultural perspective in studying the relationship between parental overindulgence and perception of parents regarding the influence of children in bringing in awareness, creating interest, desire and influencing final purchase decision of packaged food products. Child rearing practices differ from culture to culture and can be an important factor influencing the buying behaviour of families.Parenting styles in two cultures (American & Indian) were studied to gauge the level of influence of children to the four levels of AIDA(Strong 1925). The sample size was 117(40 American parents and 77 Indian parents). The results indicate that there exists no significant difference in the two cultures regarding the contribution of children in bringing in initial information, creating interest and desire about packaged food products in the family but the two cultures differed significantly in terms of the contribution kids have in influencing the actual buying decisions regarding packaged food products. The influence of American children was lower in final purchase than Indian children. Indian parents showed higher level of indulgence (M=3.33,S.D. =1.7) than American parents (M=2.02, S.D. =1.86).The level of indulgence was found to regress on actual buying behavior of parents. The study points at the shift of Indian parents towards over indulgence as a result of invasive marketing practices targeted at the children. The study has implications for marketers, social agencies, and parents and attempts to highlight the growing in marketing influence in the socio cultural fabric

Towards Mapping Competencies through Learning Analytics: Real-time Competency Assessment for Career Direction through Interactive Simulation

Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 201, pp. 1-13